Trends—April 2015
Supply Chain Modeling: Believe It!
The supply chain sector is increasingly adapting and deploying technology to better understand the unknown. Big data provides a wealth of information and historical precedent to benchmark and optimize current and future events. Modeling and design software similarly affords users the latitude to engineer and plan for potentialities before they happen.
But sometimes high-tech simulation doesn’t go far enough. Recently, UK automobile technology supplier Delphi Automotive completed the first coast-to-coast U.S. test run of a driverless vehicle between San Francisco and New York. The 3,400-mile journey passed through 15 cities and took nine days to complete.
There was one important caveat, however.
A human being rode shotgun, ready to take the wheel, in order to comply with various U.S. state regulations. That’s a pretty good metaphor for where industry is at with autonomous locomotion: ambitious but guarded.
In Ann Arbor, Mich., a new cityscape of sorts is rising from the verdant woodlands along the Huron River.
The 32-acre site, colloquially known as Mcity, is quickly morphing into a Truman Show-like Hollywood backdrop, replete with make-believe buildings, fixed and variable lighting, changing traffic lights and patterns, different road surfaces—including a four-lane highway with on and off ramps—and a variety of remote-controlled cars, cyclists, and pedestrians to purposefully get in the way.
The University of Michigan’s Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI), in concert with the state Department of Transportation and automobile manufacturers such as Ford, General Motors, Toyota, and Honda, will use Mcity as a controlled test site to study the feasibility of autonomous vehicles. The facility is expected to open in spring 2015.
The University of Michigan’s endeavor invites automakers and other interests to test-drive vehicles in a more public setting, in hopes of accelerating the adoption of common standards across this emerging industry.
Mcity has a midwestern "pedal-to-the-grindstone" sensibility. It’s an appropriate foil for the high-tech, high-flying playground of Silicon Valley—where the likes of Google, Apple, and other futurists are toying with prototypes under clandestine cover in near-perfect weather. Michigan’s seasonality and UMTRI’s openness provide more realistic conditions to test hypersensitive systems in a competitive environment.
While the idea of driverless cars—and drones for that matter—has captured mainstream imaginations, its impact in the freight industry is very real. Driver shortages, safety, and training are top-of-mind concerns around the world. Similar technology has already been widely tested in different scenarios. For instance, the mining industry is using driverless trucks at remote sites where safety is paramount.
Elsewhere, the European Union-sponsored Safe Road Trains for the Environment (SARTRE) project, conducted between 2009 and 2012, used radar, fixed lasers, and cameras to experiment with driver-led platoons of unmanned vehicles. In effect, a human-driven vehicle leads a convoy of autonomous cars or trucks. Jean-Paul Sartre’s blushes aside, the implications for freight transport are considerable.
The appeal of "auto-motion" is tangible. Driverless cars, like drones, have a pop-sci audience that extends well beyond the transportation and logistics sector. But supply chain "modeling"—in its truest sense—is much more pervasive than that. In countless other examples, largely unseen, industry is simulating reality to better understand the future.
A few miles outside of downtown Fayetteville, Ark., the Sam M. Walton College of Business has repurposed a non-descript warehouse as a 10,000-square-foot retail format. The backroom warehouse and loading dock are "just" convenient fixtures. For all intents and purposes, the retail operations lab is a real store stocked with all kinds of brand name consumer goods.
University of Arkansas researchers are using the lab to study different consumer trends from shelf space line of sight and packaging to omnichannel strategies and RFID. It’s where marketing and logistics converge.
Nearby Bentonville is another good example. It’s a company town. That company just happens to be the world’s largest retailer. Walmart uses Bentonville to pilot new retail formats—its Walmart to Go convenience store—as well as innovative strategies such as tethering distribution and fulfillment to larger supercenters in lieu of DCs.
In other instances, role-playing and simulation emphasize training. Port Revel in Grenoble, France, is the world’s most unique port. It’s a 13-acre man-made lake that caters to model ships. The port mimics real-world ocean currents and geographic features such as the Suez Canal and Cape of Good Hope.
Popularized by John McPhee’s 1998 Atlantic Monthly article, the port is the epitome of transportation and logistics ‘modeling.’ The facility uses a fleet of manned models built at a scale of 1:25 to replicate natural conditions including harbors, canals, and open seas. The ships are equipped with bow and stern thrusters, and operational anchors. They behave like real vessels.
Since the late 1960s, Port Revel has helped train steamship captains and pilots from all over the world. Even at scale, the idea of having a déjà vu moment during a real-life crisis is compelling.
That’s the notion that drives much of the modeling and simulation activity in today’s supply chain. Outside of testing new concepts and innovations, companies want to create that déjà vu sensibility within their day-to-day supply chains.
Ultimately, there’s no substitute for practice, especially when perfection is fleeting. In today’s capricious world, even the mundane becomes muddled. Logisticians, of all people, know this well.
RFID: Better Late Than Never
It took a decade but radio frequency identification (RFID) is finally living up to its hype, according to results from the 2014 GS1 US Standards Usage Survey, conducted by the eponymous standards organization.
Apparel and general merchandise manufacturers and retailers are using electronic product code (EPC)-enabled RFID to enhance inventory visibility, and respond to consumer demands for omnichannel flexibility.
The survey measures the usage of EPC-enabled item-level RFID by both manufacturers and retailers (including manufacturers who are also retailers). For manufacturers, RFID offers multiple benefits, including reinforcing authenticity, decreasing inspection costs, reducing shrinkage, and enhancing logistics accuracy. Retailers, by comparison, cite greater inventory accuracy, improved sales, fewer out-of-stocks, increased margins, and expedited returns as positive outcomes.
Among manufacturers:
- Currently implementing: 48%
- Within 12 months: 21%
- Over the next two years: 18%
On average, respondents note that 40 percent of items made by apparel and general merchandise manufacturers have RFID tags.
Among retailers:
- Currently implementing: 57%
- Within 12 months: 19%
- Over the next two years: 11%
On average, respondents note that 47 percent of items received by apparel and general merchandise retailers have RFID tags.
Such parity suggests RFID adoption is nearing a tipping point.
"RFID is no longer just something proven in concept—it is providing tangible results for manufacturers and retailers, and offers the inventory accuracy that omnichannel retailing demands,"explains Dr. Bill Hardgrave, dean of the Harbert College of Business and founder of the RFID Lab, Auburn University.
Can You Dig IT?
Data analytics has become a huge growth market in the transportation and logistics sector. As companies and service providers improve how they gather information, there is equal need for analysis.
The supply chain analytics market will grow at a compound annual rate of 14.6 percent and reach $4.8 billion by 2019, suggests a report from Dallas research firm MarketsandMarkets. Asian Pacific and Middle East regions are expected to be big drivers in this growth.
The supply chain analytics market is broadly segmented in three ways:
- Type of solution—supply chain planning and procurement, sales and operations planning (S&OP), manufacturing analytics, transportation and logistics analytics, and visualization and reporting tools.
- Type of service—professional, and support and maintenance service—or by type of deployment model—on premises or on-demand (cloud-based).
- Type of vertical—retail and consumer packaged goods, healthcare and life sciences, manufacturing, automotive, aerospace and defense, high-tech and electronics, and by global region.
The acceleration of big data across various industries is driving the global market, increasing data generation, forecasting accuracy, and awareness regarding the benefits of supply chain analytics solutions, according to the report.