Related Articles
Supply Chain, Transportation Management, Supply Chain Management
5 Actions to Optimize Logistics Costs
Logistics leaders face pressure from their stakeholders to optimize logistics costs while maintaining service and performance levels. Gartner Inc. identifies the following five actions to help you optimize costs from within your organization.
Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
Selecting a TMS
For those involved in the management of freight movement, selecting the best Transportation Management System or TMS is a crucial decision. Here are 10 tips on evaluating a TMS for your firm.
Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
How to Choose a TMS - Fortigo
Deploying a transportation management system (TMS) can be time-consuming. Here's how to save time and money.
Supply Chain, Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
Four Tips for TMS Buyers - WSI
Shippers and intermediaries of all sizes can benefit greatly from the increased functionality and simplified processes offered by a TMS.
Supply Chain, Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
2019 TMS Buyer's Guide
Some leading vendors in the TMS market.
Supply Chain, Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
Integrating Multiple Data Sources in a TMS
How to overcome the challenge of data management—integrating multiple data sources in a transportation management system (TMS)
Big Data, Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS), Warehouse Management Systems (WMS), Technology
Get IT Together
Integrated WMS and TMS solutions increase visibility and communication and optimize the movement of goods.
Logistics Solutions Providers, Logistics, Logistics I.T., Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
How to Use a TMS for Shipment Visibility And Connectivity - Manhattan Associates
Here’s how a transportation management system will completely transform the efficiency of your supply chain.
Cross-border Trade, Mexico, Logistics, Supply Chain, Transportation Management
Transportation Management at the Border - Landstar
Here’s how trends in U.S./Mexico cross-border operations are shaping today’s supply chain.
Logistics Solutions Providers, Logistics I.T., Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), Transportation Management
Choosing a TMS Today: Measure Five Times, Cut Once?
Lengthy, months-long selection processes are a thing of the past. For roughly two-thirds of shippers, the focus is on improved efficiencies, execution, and visibility. For these companies, a modern TMS can be live and saving money within weeks or even days.
Global Logistics, Logistics, Supply Chain, Transportation Management, Technology
Leading Logistics Provider Closes More Business, Develops Stronger Customer Relationships
Supply Chain, Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS), Technology , Supply Chain Management, Transportation
The Whole Industry Is Struggling to Define TMS. Here's My Take.
With no standard terminology in an already-complex industry, it’s not surprising that so many TMS buyers have trouble figuring out the differences between solutions and which one best fits their needs. Here's how to cut through the confusion.
Transportation Management, Trucking, Transportation
6 Simple Metrics for Tracking and Improving Carrier Performance
By paying attention to these six metrics, over‐the‐road shippers can make informed decisions to get their desired mix of cost, coverage, and performance from their carriers.
Third-Party Logistics, Transportation Management, Transportation
Five Keys to Selecting the Right Transportation Consultant
For many shippers, choosing the right transportation consultant can become a difficult, time-consuming, and frustrating process. Here are five keys to finding the optimal partner.
3PL, Logistics, Third-Party Logistics, Supply Chain, Transportation Management, Technology
Logistics Technology: 3PLs Span the Gamut
This story looks at ways in which 3PLs help small and midsize companies implement and take full advantage of information technology.
Logistics, Logistics I.T., Supply Chain, Transportation Management, Technology , Transportation
Avoid Pricing Pitfalls When Selecting a Logistics IT Solution
One of the common gripes voiced by organizations implementing logistics IT solutions is that the solution ends up costing more than expected. Use this advice when looking at prospective providers.
Inventory Management, Logistics, Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS), Supply Chain Management
Communication is Key When Optimizing Logistics Networks
The key to any successful relationship is communication. Your logistics network is no different.
Logistics I.T., Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS), Supply Chain Management
How to Get More From Your TMS
Shippers, carriers, 3PLs and brokers who are not fully utilizing their transportation management systems to secure capacity and manage global trade may be leaving money on the table.
Partnership, Transportation Management, Trucking, Transportation
Are You Ready for the Capacity Crisis? Oh, It’s Here
Shippers desperately seek capacity in the midst of a record shortage.
Transportation Management, Transportation
Transportation Modeling: Is There Ever an Average Day?
Shippers must maintain flexibility in their data-driven transportation policies.
Partnership, Transportation Management, Trucking, Transportation
By the Numbers: Tracking Carrier Performance
Tracking carrier performance metrics gives shippers insight into how well trucking companies serve their needs.
Partnership, Transportation Management, Trucking, Supply Chain Management
Steering Transportation Management Strategies
Managing transportation strategies requires a team effort — and sometimes a ‘dedicated’ transportation partner.
Freight Payment Services, Finance, Logistics I.T., Partnership, Transportation Management, Transportation
Freight Audit and Payment Services: Stacking Up Savings
Freight audit and payment services analyze shipment data to reveal inefficiencies and identify savings opportunities.
Legislation, Public Policy, and Regulations, Partnership, Transportation Management, Safety, Trucking, Transportation
A National Standard for Hiring ‘Safe’ Motor Carriers
Motor carrier safety standards dictated by state courts create confusion. National safety standards are more effective.
3PL, Distribution, Transportation Management, Supply Chain Management
3PL Partnership Provides The Total Package
Intertape Polymer Group outsourced transportation to gain control of its diverse product line and protect profit margins.
Freight Payment Services, Finance, Transportation Management
Calculating the Benefits of Freight Bill Auditing
Freight bill payment and auditing services save shippers money by finding billing errors and optimization opportunities.
Health Care Logistics, Inventory Management, Transportation Management, Specialized Logistics, Supply Chain Management
First Aid for the Hospital Supply Chain
Hospitals can cut costs by improving supply chain operations, inventory control, and transportation management.
Green Logistics, 3PL, Legislation, Public Policy, and Regulations, Transportation Management, Supply Chain Management
Trends—July 2014
State of Logistics Report predicts moderate growth for freight industry in 2014; freight brokerage M&A shakes up industry; FMCSA extends comment period for ELD rulemaking; Online consumers willing to pay more for sustainable delivery options; Shippers register growing discontent with parcel carriers and trucking companies; University of Kansas MSB program prepares active-duty military for private sector roles
Demand Planning, Retail, Logistics I.T., Transportation Management, Supply Chain Management
Forecasting Seasonal Surges Keeps Products on the Shelf
Transportation forecasting lets shippers collaborate with carriers to identify capacity gaps and reallocate assets.
Logistics I.T., Transportation Management, Trucking, Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
What Transportation Providers Gain From an Integrated TMS Platform
With an integrated transportation management software (TMS) platform, service providers can gain complete visibility over their diverse and complex operations.
Logistics I.T., Transportation Management, Transportation
Fusing Big Data and the Supply Chain: The Future is NOW
By strategically leveraging supply chain data, companies can win in their industry and increase enterprise value.
Partnership, Risk Management, Transportation Management
Access to Reliable Transportation Regardless of Transportation Market Conditions
Clear transportation management strategy and technologies allow companies to deliver superior service at lower cost.
Logistics I.T., Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
Big Data Tools Enable Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics
Using a TMS for carrier selection allows shippers to load standard business rules to achieve predicted outcomes.
Logistics I.T., Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
Get Real: What ROI to Expect from Your TMS Implementation
Companies interested in automating their transportation management processes should examine their current capabilities.
3PL, Partnership, Transportation Management, Supply Chain Management, Transportation
Looking for One Logistics Partner That Does Everything with Excellence?
An enterprise logistics provider delivers holistic solutions that transform your business.
Legislation, Public Policy, and Regulations, Logistics I.T., Transportation Management, Trucking, Transportation
Transportation Planning – A Manual Headache Or an Optimized Dream
Fluctuating fuel prices, Hours of Service rules, and other factors make optimized routing and scheduling vital.
Freight Forwarders, Partnership, Transportation Management, Trucking, Transportation
Brokers Are Commoditizing LTL Carriers... And That’s a Good Thing
Shippers and trucking brokers must understand the differences among the service levels carriers offer.
Partnership, Transportation Management, Trucking, Transportation
Building a Core Carrier Program
When choosing core carriers, evaluate customer service, on-time delivery, company stability, and workforce quality.
Education & Careers, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Transportation Management
Sean Vasquez: Heard It Through the Grapevine
Sean Vasquez manages EDI and transportation for Sun-Maid Growers of California.
Intermodal, Ocean, Rail, Transportation Management, Trucking
All Aboard a Modal Conversion
Exploring intermodal transportation's potential.
Finance, Freight Forwarders, Transportation Management, Transportation
Inbound Freight Management: 5 Roadblocks (and How to Get Around Them)
Shipping freight plays a vital role in supply chain management, yet many shippers neglect to take control of their inbound shipments. Industry experts offer strategies for overcoming five common obstacles to successful inbound freight management.
Education & Careers, Transportation Management, Specialized Logistics
Larry Montreuil: True Blue
Larry Montreuil, director of supply chain management at JetBlue Airways, negotiates sourcing and purchasing deals that let the airline soar.
Transportation Management: A Layered Approach
Transportation management systems (TMS) provide the ability to accurately predict shipping costs and manage shipment execution. A comprehensive TMS solution can also manage inbound shipments, serve as an RFP analysis tool, or facilitate real-time spot market quoting for appropriate modes, says Kerry Loudenback of TransportGistics Inc.
Intermodal, Ports, Transportation Management
Sharing the Load
Transloading shipments allows shippers to reduce touches and costs, and create greater flexibility to respond to changing demand in global shipments.
How Freight Classification Changes Impact Shippers
To avoid overpaying for transportation, shippers should audit freight bills to ensure the correct National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) is applied to their less-than-truckload (LTL) shipments, says Chuck Fattore of RR Donnelley Logistics.
Distribution, Transportation Management
Transportation & Distribution: Geared to Demand
Schwan’s Home Services optimized its distribution network by using a hybrid insourced/outsourced model; and Sun-Maid Growers of California used collaborative distribution to create better economies of scale in its transportation operations.
Finance, Transportation Management
Trimming Your Transportation Spend
Leveraging IT, reconsidering warehouse processes, and conducting periodic network optimization projects are just three of many strategies that enable shippers to not only trim costs, but ensure that transportation spending supports overall business goals.
Transportation Management, Trucking
Cutting LTL Costs
Shippers must develop clear and effective request for pricing (RFP) processes to secure the best less-than-truckload service. Danny Slaton of SMC3 offers tips for developing better RFPs.
Transloading to Maximize Cost Savings
Transloading services transfer ocean cargo at port – without sorting it – for shipment to a single destination, such as an inland distribution center.
How to Find Savings Through Landed Cost Analysis
A global trade management (GTM) solution can automate the process of comparing total landed costs, providing shippers with full visibility into all associated costs and regulations.
Ensuring Routing Guide Compliance
Help vendors comply with your routing guide by including carrier contact information and other relevant freight shipping details, says Harold B. Friedman of Data2Logistics.
Inbound Transportation Management and Control: Why It's Important and How to Grab It
Routing guides are a vital part of successfully managing inbound shipments. A clear, concise routing guide helps vendors meet your specifications for inbound transportation.
Keeping Shipping Costs in Check
John Haber, founder and CEO of consulting firm Spend Management Experts, offers tips for managing freight costs wisely.
Cross-border Trade, Transportation Management, Trucking
Cross-Border Shipping: The Road Now Taken
Electronics manufacturer Siemens switches from air freight to over-the-road transport for cross-border shipments from Mexico to the United States and Canada, cutting 35 percent from its transportation costs thanks to CFI Logistica.
Customer Service, Partnership, Transportation Management
Jumping Through Hoops: The Importance of Vendor Compliance
Small companies face challenges in meeting the rules set out in vendor requirements manuals. Best practices help them comply with retailers’ supplier requirements successfully.
Distribution, Inventory Management, Transportation Management
Integration: The Dawning of a New Era
When baseball cap maker New Era’s business growth hit critical mass, it realigned its distribution operations, fusing Menlo Worldwide Logistics’ outsourced solutions with its global supply chain.
Transportation Management, Trucking
Getting a Handle on Transportation Costs
Plumbing fixture manufacturer TOTO Global Group’s U.S. division tapped third-party logistics provider Transplace to benchmark its truckload, less-than-truckload, and intermodal freight spend.
Coordinated Transportation Improves Margins for Wholesalers
Leading wholesalers understand the limitation of planning transportation in a silo, writes Manhattan Associates’ Mike Mulqueen.
Transportation Management, Supply Chain Management
Delivering a Slice Of Fresh Supply Chain Solutions
A new inbound/outbound logistics operations solution helps pizza chain Papa John's handle rapid expansion.
Transportation Management, Trucking
Looking Beyond Rates: The Road to Smoother Carrier Contract Negotiations
Carrier-supplied data can provide valuable insight for writing contracts, but shippers who want to pave the way to strong business relationships must dig deeper.
Distribution, Transportation Management
Colgate Logistics Delivers Smiles
Colgate took more than four million miles out of its network while handling five percent more cases of product – and even managed to cut logistics costs, sharing the savings with customers and suppliers.
10 Ways to Gain Control Over Parcel Transportation Costs
The amount of effort top-tier shippers put into carrier management directly affects the results they achieve in controlling parcel transportation costs, writes Harold Friedman of Data2Logistics.
Logistics I.T., Transportation Management
Benchmarking Data Supports Pricing Decisions
Measuring against industry benchmark data allows you to identify areas for improving transportation spend.
Transportation Management, Trucking
Establishing a Successful Core Carrier Program
Charlie Hitt, 3PD Inc., offers tips for implementing a successful core carrier program.
Retail, Transportation Management
PETCO’s Pet Project
For pet supply retailer PETCO, honoring its commitment to superior customer service meant finding a loyal logistics partner.
Global Economy, Transportation Management
Five Market Concerns Driving Shipper Cost Increases
John Haber, NPI, outlines five market concerns that will have the biggest impact on shipper spending in the near future.
Inventory Management, Transportation Management, Supply Chain Management, Warehousing
Unleashing Logistics Excellence
Natural pet food manufacturer WellPet partnered with Aspen Logistics and Kane is Able to improve its supply chain and warehousing operations.
3PL, Inventory Management, Logistics I.T., Transportation Management, Supply Chain Management
CSCMP Annual Conference: Can We Talk?
Wherever you went, attendees at the 2010 CSCMP Annual Conference were talking supply chain risk, volatility, disruption, and visibility.
Expedited Shipping, Transportation Management
How to Select Expedited Services
Shippers must consider multiple factors when they work with service providers to move expedited freight.
Air Cargo, Transportation Management, Transportation Infrastructure
How to Ship Air Freight in Alaska
Moving cargo by air in Alaska requires expertise in transportation and logistics management.
Partnership, Transportation Management, Trucking, Supply Chain Management
Trucking Alert: Steep Grade Ahead
Faced with challenges such as a capacity shortage and lack of qualified drivers, companies that ship product by truck are learning that working collaboratively with carriers can benefit both parties.
Distribution, Retail, Transportation Management, Supply Chain Management
Inbound 3.0 at Walmart
Inbound Logistics Publisher Keith Biondo outlines how Walmart is taking inbound logistics to the next level.
3PL, Transportation Management, Supply Chain Management
Your Guide to Routing Guides
Retailers publish routing guides to establish rules for manufacturers, wholesalers and distributors to follow when fulfilling and shipping orders. Here are the benefits of establishing a routing guide.
E-commerce, Expedited Shipping, Temperature-Sensitive Goods, Retail, Transportation Management, Supply Chain Management
Flower Power: John Kuehn
ProFlowers' time- and temperature-sensitive shipments create plenty of challenges for John Kuehn, senior vice president of supply chain operations. Here's how he nips problems in the bud.
Logistics I.T., Transportation Management
What’s Ahead in Transportation Forecasting?
Transportation forecasts enable planners to shift from reacting to orders to proactively managing capacity. By synchronizing transport forecasts with manufacturing and distribution plans, your entire company can respond to the same demand signals.
Air Cargo, 3PL, Global Logistics, Freight Forwarders, Transportation Management, Supply Chain Management
Freight Forwarders: The Vital Link in Logistics Communication
A professional freight forwarder that represents the interests of all supply chain participants can serve as the missing link in supply chain communication.
Getting Off the Bench and Into Benchmarking
Benchmarking before negotiating carrier rates can be a money-saving opportunity, writes Niko Michas of BridgeNet Solutions.
Immediate Steps Toward Supply Chain And Transportation Integration
To optimize transportation management into the supply chain, it's critical to integrate transportation management best practices, process management and people across the entire supply chain, writes Geoff Comrie of Transite Technology.
Transportation Management, Trucking, Transportation
All You Need To Know About Co-loading
Co-loading truckload and less-than-truckload shipments can reduce transportation costs, lead times, and shipment damage.
Finance, Transportation Management, Trucking
Shared Truckload Creates Efficiencies, Reducing Shipment Costs
COVID-19 upended supply chains, increased costs, and tightened capacity, leaving shippers struggling to deliver high-quality service. Shared truckload could be the answer.
Big Data, Transportation Management
16 Transportation Metrics that Matter
Shippers want the right cargo in the right place at the right time. That takes planning, collaboration, and technology. Here are the metrics they monitor and how they do it.
Risk Management, Transportation Management, Transportation
Reducing the Pandemic's Impact on Transportation
Implementing these best practices can help companies reduce the impact to transportation operations and save costs during business disruptions.
Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
2020 TMS Buyer's Guide
Inbound Logistics offers this annual guide of some top TMS providers and solutions that can put you on the right road toward improved transportation management and performance, regardless of the business conditions. Take a look at our 2020 TMS Buyer's Guide.
Big Data, 3PL, Transportation Management
3PLs Do It All
Third-party logistics providers are future-proofing supply chains, using a toolbox filled with business insights, predictive capabilities, and other new solution sets.
Manufacturing, Partnership, Transportation Management
Global Manufacturer Cuts Costs and Drives Efficiencies through a Managed Transportation Partnership - GlobalTranz
The world’s leading provider of receipt and innovative label solutions turned to GlobalTranz to create visibility, enhance communications, and fully merge acquired businesses.
Transportation Management, Technology , Transportation
Three Ways Data Is Enabling Smarter Transportation Management - DHL Supply Chain
Transportation is evolving rapidly, thanks to supply chain technology powered by data and analytics. Digitization is driving big changes that can help meet the pace of change.
Expedited Shipping, Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
Saving More Than $38 Million In Less Than 24 Months - nVision Global
By utilizing nVision Global’s Impact TMS, a shipper saved more than €34,000,000 by avoiding expedited freight costs. The company improved transportation planning, optimization capabilities, workflow management, and exception handling.
3PL, Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
Choosing a TMS: How to Make the Right Move
The variety of transportation management systems available can make it difficult for shippers to target the solution that is the best fit for their organization. Experts say companies should strive to identify the features that will support their unique operation rather than falling into the trap of chasing options that will not provide a useful impact. The process for selecting a TMS should be marked by disciplined decision-making and a focus on the business case.
Supply Chain, Transportation Management, Transportation
Despite Challenges, Shippers Forge Ahead
Shippers experienced a range of supply chain challenges in 2018, according to results from Averitt Express' fourth annual State of the North American Supply Chain survey.
Logistics, Transportation Management, Transportation
The Degrees That Deliver: Preparing the Next Generation of Industry Professionals - The University of Wisconsin-Superior
The University of Wisconsin-Superior is located on the shore of Lake Superior where a major international transportation hub serves world markets using all five modes of transportation. But it isn’t just the location that makes the University of Wisconsin-Superior’s undergraduate Transportation and Logistics Management (T&L) program unique.
Distribution, Logistics, Supply Chain, Transportation Management
Lori Fellmer Keeps It Moving
A profile of Lori Fellmer, vice president of logistics and carrier management with BassTech International.
Logistics, Supply Chain, Transportation Management, Transportation
Gaining Control: Why European Time Slot Management Makes Sense in the United States
Inefficiencies at the dock can cause long lines of trucks outside a warehouse, congestion on access roads, delayed deliveries and long driver wait times, all with the potential of accruing steep detention fees. European logistics managers deal with these inefficiencies—resulting from space constraints and too few docks for trucks—on a regular basis.
Logistics, Supply Chain, Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS), Transportation
Three Transportation Innovations that Can Deliver Short-Term ROI
Managing transportation has become increasingly challenging as customers grow more demanding and the driver shortage constrains capacity. Consider these three innovations, which can deliver short-term return on investment:
Careers, Logistics Solutions Providers, Logistics, Transportation Management, Safety
Betting the Farm on YRC's Success
James Welch, CEO of YRC Worldwide, discusses his leadership philosophy.
Transportation Management, Safety, Trucking
Keeping Drivers and the Community Safe During the Pandemic
Syfan Logistics changed shipment pickup, verification, and receiving procedures for its truck drivers to ensure their safety, protecting their health and that of the community.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Transportation Management, Technology
Keeping Your Eye on the Prize: What Formula One Can Teach Us About the RFP Process
Bid management software can collect responses automatically within seconds of the carrier submitting them which allows you to focus on strategic initiatives with the time saved.
Transportation Management, Trucking, Transportation
Securing Truckload Capacity
Practical steps that shippers can take to improve their success in securing capacity.
Freight Forwarders, Transportation Management, Transportation
Is the Future of Freight Transportation Underground?
Switzerland digs into an ambitious initiative: a vast underground network of tunnels transporting cargo.
Freight Payment Services, Transportation Management, Transportation
Choosing a Freight Bill Processor
As freight payment processor IPS Worldwide heads to bankruptcy court, shippers are reminded how important it is to be diligent when choosing a freight bill processor.
Transportation Management, Trucking, Transportation
Walmart Rolls Back Driver Shortage Concern
Even the mighty Walmart is not immune from the challenges of recruiting and retaining qualified drivers.
Logistics, Supply Chain, Transportation Management
Driving Your Shipping Business Forward With Analytics
In an increasingly competitive marketplace, advanced analytics is the key to gaining access to hidden insights about your business that can drive growth and improve performance.
Careers, 3PL, Transportation Management
Finding the Right Strategy for Each Situation
Profile of Denis Reilly, president and CEO of Kenco Logistics
Cross-border Trade, Mexico, Logistics Solutions Providers, Logistics I.T., Transportation Management, Transportation
Solved: Optimizing and Speeding Up Shipments to Mexico - Transplace
Manufacturer of drywall and joint compound USG partnered with Transplace and was able to reduce the delivery time of its product from 6 weeks to 48 hours to Mexico—leading to double-digit sales growth.
Transportation Management, Trucking, Transportation Management Systems (TMS), Transportation
Supply Chain Commentary: Managing the Coming ELD Capacity Crisis
All fleets will have to adopt electronic logging devices (ELDs) starting Dec. 18, 2017. The result will be a tightening of capacity for shippers. Here’s how to prepare.
Logistics, Rail, Supply Chain, Transportation Management
Tracking Resins Avoids a Sticky Situation
Aurora Plastics automates resin off-loading process and avoids costly inventory and quality management errors with RFID reader hardware from Janam Technologies and customized software applications from Quest Integrated Solutions.
Green Logistics, Logistics, Supply Chain, Transportation Management
Companies in Asia Pacific Place More Importance on Green Transport Than Other Regions
Companies in Asia Pacific place more importance on green transport than other regions do, according to DHL’s latest research report on ground transportation logistics.
Logistics, Supply Chain, Transportation Management, Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
A Real-Time, Cost-Saving Opportunity - PLS Logistics
A client looked to PLS Logistics for a way to drive real-time visibility, performance and cost savings to allow each of its 200+ office locations to operate effectively.
Logistics, Third-Party Logistics, Partnership, Supply Chain, Transportation Management
Supply Chain Collaboration: It Works Both Ways
Transparency, honest communication, and a commitment to forming a true partnership with shared goals and values are keys to successful supply chain collaboration between shippers and their third-party logistics providers.
Expedited Shipping, Logistics, Transportation Management, Technology , Transportation, Warehousing
Benefits of New Mobile Weighing Technologies
Mobile weighing technologies meet the emerging “need for speed” trend by providing a means of weighment at the point of loading and unloading. They do this while at the same time immediately communicating a wealth of specific business and logistical data, eliminating inefficient traffic patterns, and improving safety by reducing traffic congestion.
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